Do dynamic pages perform equivalently to static pages in SEO?

Yes (Google don’t see any diff - html VS html). You should add meta-titles (By the CMS “dynamically”) - and other metadata. Google will scan those pages - like any other pages.

Also, create meaningful URL structure (blog/semantic-slug) (The parent folder is Good for SEO beacuse you create hierarchy). You could even add schema.org to those pages + OG (facebook) and so on.

Read this (Not specific about SEO but helpful)

How to set custom field for SEO ± her: