Original 1730x1011: 111KB
Webflow 1600x936: 296KB (almost 3X!)
Webflow 1080x632: 152KB
Webflow 800x468: 104KB, finally a bit smaller, at less than half the resolution.
There’s nothing very obvious going wrong with the variants, like a bigger colorspace being used than with the original, that I can spot.
I would strongly suggest, that if the original filesize is actually smaller than the responsive downscale, the srcset should exclude that variant.
Actually, this is exactly the case. Your original PNG is 8-bit, and Webflow is creating variants in 24-bit. You can open your original PNG and the ones generated from Webflow in Photoshop to confirm:
Original: 8-bit (Index next to a PNG title indicates 8-bit)
That explains the size, strangely Gimp reported all images as “Color space: Indexed color (255 colors)”.
If indexing is generally undesirable (as it’s lossy), perhaps if the source was already indexed the result can be safely (re-)indexed following the resize.