Hello @ortorob
Based on Google documentation, Redirect chains are best when reduced to the minimum. And keeping it high level in your example but there are always hidden redirect from www. or http:// .
In short, 3 redirect chain may not impact SEO. Keeping redirects to a single hop is generally best for user experience and for Googlebot to properly follow the redirects.
To answer you question:
Let me clarify a bit what I understood:
A >backlink> B
B >redirect> C
So it becomes: A is backlinked to B and B is redirected to C.
The question: Is the value of the backlink A directed toward C the same with or without B?
Answer: If you can avoid update A and point the backlink to C, it seems the easiest and less risky option.
From an SEO pov, I see a low impact of having the A>B>C scenario, except if you are working on massive websites