During my web research, I only came across Finsweets CMS Filter but that’s not feasible since it’s client-side filtering. I need server-side filtering based on filter set during design phase.
The closest you can get is to custom-build your own filtering solution based on a component property- finsweet filter can be used for that, with a lot of work and some custom code to wire it all together.
The end result likely won’t be particularly smooth or SEO-friendly, but it would work.